How to write Terms of Reference for an evaluation
23 January 2012
Developing
an accurate and well-specified terms of reference (ToR) is a critical step in managing a
high-quality evaluation. The evaluation ToR document serves as the basis for a contractual
arrangement with one or more evaluators and sets the parameters against which the success of the
assignment can be measured. This practical guide from the World Bank's Independent Evaluation Group
sets out a few basic principles and guidelines to help in the development of an effective
evaluation.
The specific content and format for a ToR will vary to some degree based on organizational
requirements, local practices, and the type of assignment. This publication provides user-friendly
guidance for writing ToRs by covering the following areas:
1. Definition and function. What is a ToR? When is one needed? What are its objectives? This
section also highlights how an evaluation ToR is different from other ToRs.
2. Content. What should be included in a ToR? What role(s) will each of the sections of the
document serve in supporting and facilitating the completion of a high-quality evaluation?
3. Preparation. What needs to be in place for a practitioner or team to develop the ToR for
an evaluation or review?
4. Process. What steps should be taken to develop an effective ToR? Who should be involved
for each of these steps?
The guide includes a quality checklist and some Internet resources to foster good practice in writing ToRs for evaluations and reviews of projects and programs. The publication also provides references and resources for further information.
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